Profiling the Irish Republican Army (IRA) (1969-1997)
By Nathan Spurgeon
This article profiles the Irish Republican Army (IRA), which existed from 1969 to 1997, when it was dissolved following a negotiated peace agreement with the British Government, known as the Good Friday Agreement, in April 1998. To profile the IRA, the article examines the root causes underlying the IRA’s insurgency, its political and military organizations and their activities, the British Government’s counterinsurgency campaign against the IRA, how the IRA’s insurgency was resolved, and an update on the situation in Northern Ireland from 1998 to 2024.
The Strategic End-State for Israel's Military Operation in Gaza
By Dr. Joshua Sinai
Israel is justified in pursuing a transformative regime change in Gaza. On October 7, Hamas committed the most horrific mass genocide attack against an adversary country’s citizens since 9/11 (including holding some 240 hostages, with most of them civilians), undermining its legitimate right to continued rule.
Nevertheless, unless a new transformative strategic end-state is formulated by the Israeli government for the concluding phase of its ground invasion in Gaza to overthrow and destroy Hamas’s political and military leadership and infrastructure, the military campaign is bound to fail in achieving long-term political objectives to ensure Israel’s long-term security.
The Timing of Terrorism: The Obsessions with Dates
By Christopher C. Harmon
This month is the black anniversary of September 11, 2001. It has many meanings for us, but was that date in particular selected by Al Qaeda? A few suggest there is a link to the last day of battle in 1683 at the gates of Vienna, a titanic Moslem-Christian struggle for western Europe. Americans might also wonder whether 9/ll—numbers that cry “emergency” to this country—were a clever choice by the terrorists as psychological warfare.